![]() An analysis of relative and absolute frequencies was carried out, together with the estimation of 95% confidence intervals for the general and specific prevalence of congenital craniofacial anomaly. Spreadsheets were used for data analysis and then exported to Software R version 3.1.3. The variables included in the query were: entity of origin, age (since there was no cut-off point for age, the criteria was based on life cycles), sex, diagnosis according to ICD10 and health service that made the diagnosis. Exclusion criteria were trauma and facial tumors. MySQL inquiries were made in the information system with the following inclusion criteria: patients from the department of Risaralda, first diagnosis associated with codes ICD-10Q000 to Q999 and codes K0701, K0704 and K0711, which are related to craniofacial malformation. In other words, 25.9% of the inhabitants of the department of Risaralda were treated in this institution (according to DANE 2010-2014: 938 529 inhabitants). For the period between January 2010 and December 2014, 243 883 patients were attended, generating 2 258 624 consultations, of which 1 435 451 were outpatient consultations, 116 485 inpatient consultations and 706 688 dental consultations. This system stores daily records on care provided to the consulting population. The information was extracted from an information system called Software AMAHO and SIIS, created in 2003 and patented on Jbefore the Ministry of the Interior and Justice of Colombia, which is part of institutional development initiatives and allows the interaction between clinical history, laboratory results and consultations for retrospective research. This is an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional retrospective research. This study shows the frequency of congenital craniofacial malformations during a four-year period in a private institution of the city of Pereira in Risaralda, Colombia, with the purpose of providing data that allow proposing strategies for the prevention and management of these pathologies. 7 There are no conclusive data on the presence of these malformations in the Coffee Region, so it is important to define a baseline regarding the most frequent cases in the region. 2 Some studies suggest that between 44-64% of patients with clefts have associated anomalies.Ĭongenital craniofacial malformations require early interdisciplinary management since they have an impact on the lives of children and their relatives when the face is involved, leaving sequels such as cognitive deficit or alteration of facial appearance. Moreover, they can be part of syndromic pictures, considered as syndromes, sequences, field defects or associations 5, 6, such as the Charge syndrome, Townes-Brocks syndrome, BOR syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, diabetic embryopathy and facio-auricular-vertebra syndrome. Microtia, anotia or fistulas, preauricular appendages, facial clefts and craniosynostosis usually occur in isolation in 45-50% of cases. 3 Any noxa of environmental or genetic origin during this period can alter development, resulting in craniofacial malformations. 2 The primary palate, the alveolar ridge and the premaxilla form during the sixth week, while the secondary palate ends its formation by the twelfth week. These arches are involved in the formation of the neck and the first and the second arches, in particular, play an important role in the formation of the face, which develops between the fourth and the twelfth week of the embryonic period. ![]() 1 Orofacial clefts are the most common and serious, and their frequency is highly variable depending on the population.įrom an embryological perspective, the development of the head and neck begins with the formation of branchial or pharyngeal arches, which appear between the fourth and fifth week of intrauterine development. Among them, craniofacial malformations represent between 10-15% of cases, including ear malformations with a prevalence of 74.1 per 10 000 births, followed by cleft lip and palate with 15.9 per 10 000 births. The frequency of congenital malformations is 310 per 10 000 births worldwide.
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